Policymakers should enhance market surveillance through systemic risk monitoring including stress testing and scenario ...

Spending more efficiently and reallocating public funds toward investment and innovation can be a powerful growth strategy ...

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff team, led by Mr. Marco Arena, visited Oranjestad during September 23–October 6 to hold discussions on the 2025 Article IV consultation with the Aruban ...

Stronger fiscal and monetary policy frameworks and more developed local currency debt markets have supported emerging market ...

This paper discusses strategies to modernize Latvia’s electricity sector, focusing on deeper integration with the EU electricity grid. Based on the Latvian Energy Strategy 2050, which prioritizes a ...

Latvia has a three-pillar pension system consisting of an earnings-related public scheme, a funded mandatory pillar, and a private voluntary contributions pillar. Despite its well-designed structure, ...

Nepal has, so far, been relatively insulated from recent global trade and aid-related disruptions given its small export sector. Economic activity has continued to gradually recover, underpinned by a ...

Latvia's economy has faced challenges in competitiveness, with labor productivity growth slowing over the past two decades. This paper analyzes labor productivity growth in Latvia and the Baltic ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the 2025 Article IV consultation with Zimbabwe1. The authorities have consented to the publication of the Staff Report prepared ...

Switzerland’s labor productivity is generally higher than that in other advanced economy peers, although with significant variation across sectors and firm sizes. Multinational enterprises drive ...

On October 1, 2025, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the sixth review under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) for Nepal, allowing the authorities to withdraw a ...

A team from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), led by Niko Hobdari, Mission Chief for Guinea-Bissau, held meetings in Bissau during September 23 – October 3, 2025 to discuss macroeconomic policies ...