An International Monetary Fund (IMF) team, led by Ms. Eva Jenkner, held discussions in Banjul from September 25-October 8, 2025. A staff-level agreement was reached on the fourth review of the program ...

Spending more efficiently and reallocating public funds toward investment and innovation can be a powerful growth strategy ...

Policymakers should enhance market surveillance through systemic risk monitoring including stress testing and scenario ...

Stronger fiscal and monetary policy frameworks and more developed local currency debt markets have supported emerging market ...

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff team, led by Mr. Marco Arena, visited Oranjestad during September 23–October 6 to hold discussions on the 2025 Article IV consultation with the Aruban ...

Nepal has, so far, been relatively insulated from recent global trade and aid-related disruptions given its small export sector. Economic activity has continued to gradually recover, underpinned by a ...

This paper discusses strategies to modernize Latvia’s electricity sector, focusing on deeper integration with the EU electricity grid. Based on the Latvian Energy Strategy 2050, which prioritizes a ...

Latvia has a three-pillar pension system consisting of an earnings-related public scheme, a funded mandatory pillar, and a private voluntary contributions pillar. Despite its well-designed structure, ...

Prudent anchors, corrective mechanisms, and supportive institutions can help countries comply with their fiscal rules and ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the 2025 Article IV consultation with Zimbabwe1. The authorities have consented to the publication of the Staff Report prepared ...

Latvia's economy has faced challenges in competitiveness, with labor productivity growth slowing over the past two decades. This paper analyzes labor productivity growth in Latvia and the Baltic ...

At first glance, the raw data suggest a drop in the dollar’s share of allocated reserves to 56.32 percent at the end of the second quarter from 57.79 percent at the end of the first quarter, down 1.47 ...