The United Nations’ top court in a landmark advisory opinion says countries could be in violation of international law if they fail to take measures to protect the planet from climate change, and nations harmed by its effects could be entitled to reparations.

The International Court of Justice issues a non-binding opinion on the obligations of countries relating to climate change. The opinion will lead to new lawsuits.

On July 23rd, after two years and an unprecedented number of submissions from governments and international institutions, the court delivered a unanimous verdict. In its opinion, climate change constitutes an “urgent and existential threat” that states must protect people from.