The geological record described above explains why the existing soils are relatively young and hardly affected by erosion, acidification and shifting processes. The soil substrates are dominated by ...

Soil is one of the important components of the sustainability of an ecosystem because it is the vitally important natural medium for the growth of vegetation. It can be defined as, the upper layer of ...

Soils present a marvelous opportunity for science students to see the practical real-world implications and applications of the principles of basic physics, biology and chemistry. Soils play key roles ...

We studied lichen and bryophyte soil crust communities in a large public grazing allotment within a sagebrush steppe ecosystem in which the biotic soil crusts are largely intact. The allotment had ...