Knowledge of the structure of Internet Protocol (IP) packets is a fundamental part of understanding the Internet and how information moves from one point to another. The benefits of such knowledge ...

A reference model is a virtual model which defines how communication should take place. It logically divides the processes which are required for the communication into layers. This concept is known ...

Networks function and flourish because they deliver reliable and fast communication over large distances. And while people often marvel at the speed, it's the reliability -- made possible through the ...

Do you remember when we used multi-protocol routing for IPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP running on the same network? In the 1980s and early 1990s many enterprises had multiple protocols running on the ...

The data transfer in a TCP/IP network is usually block-based. From a programmer’s point of view, sending data means issuing a series of “send data block” requests. On a system level, sending an ...

The processing in a network protocol that provides the conversion of codes and formats for the session (if required). The presentation layer is layer 6 of 7 in the OSI model. See TCP/IP and OSI model.

The modern data network has become a critical asset for many industries. Most basic data networks are designed to connect users and enable them to access various resources, like the Internet and other ...

The processing in a network protocol that provides the starting point and purpose of the communications session. The application layer is layer 7 of 7 in the OSI model. For example, email, Web ...

Data is transferred over the network and Internet using the TCP/IP Protocol. The TCP/IP is not perfect but is easier to implement compared to other protocols theorized for data communication… such as ...