Researchers have developed innovative methods to control the ionization of atoms and molecules using specially structured light beams, challenging traditional limits. This breakthrough could lead to ...

Chadwick's own research focused on radioactivity. In 1919 Rutherford had discovered the proton, a positively charged particle within the atom's nucleus. But they and other researchers were finding ...

This raises the much more difficult question of what is the composition of a fundamental particle, and how does it differ between electrons and others? The word “atom” comes from the Greek for ...

Helen Edwards was a particle physicist who led the design and construction of the Tevatron, a machine built to probe deeper into the atom than anyone had gone before.

Now, to make the diagrams simpler we often just draw them as circles. So now an atom is the smallest particle of an element. There are over one hundred different elements and these are all made of ...