In the previous chapter, we learned various strategies to guide AI models 'down the mountain' (optimization algorithms), such ...

The most widely used technique for finding the largest or smallest values of a math function turns out to be a fundamentally difficult computational problem. Many aspects of modern applied research ...

Obtaining the gradient of what's known as the loss function is an essential step to establish the backpropagation algorithm developed by University of Michigan researchers to train a material. The ...

In this work, a gradient method with momentum for BP neural networks is considered. The momentum coefficient is chosen in an adaptive manner to accelerate and stabilize the learning procedure of the ...

In the 1960s, academics including Virginia Polytechnic Institute professor Henry J. Kelley, Stanford University’s Arthur E. Bryson, and Stuart Dreyfus at the University of California, Berkeley arrived ...

The hype over Large Language Models (LLMs) has reached a fever pitch. But how much of the hype is justified? We can't answer that without some straight talk - and some definitions. Time for a ...

Resilient back propagation (Rprop), an algorithm that can be used to train a neural network, is similar to the more common (regular) back-propagation. But it has two main advantages over back ...

Modeled on the human brain, neural networks are one of the most common styles of machine learning. Get started with the basic design and concepts of artificial neural networks. Artificial intelligence ...