In clinical studies this is known as a randomized controlled trial, and in marketing research it’s called A/B ... It enables the data-driven discovery of multiple causal relationships at the same time ...

(In other words, it is not a Red Herring to cite temporal succession as part of an argument for a causal conclusion.) We generally understand it as a necessary condition of A causing B that B occur ...

Causal reasoning appears frequently in the reading comprehension and logical reasoning sections. Rather than if-then, it is composed of cause-effect statements. Examples include: I feel sick ...

The line between correlational and causal PA research is narrow, and confounding and reverse causation may lead to false conclusions. We contend that data must be able to answer a causal question ...

For example, in the abstract and text ... since prevention and treatment programmes should be targeted at causal associations. When findings from original research can be explained by non-causal ...

A Japanese research team has discovered a novel global cooperative phenomena of cell interactions in cervical cancer cells. Their findings suggest that the cells are metabolically connected in a ...

For example, as ice cream sales increase ... Scientists then try to find a causal link to explain the connection. If no causal link is known, this remains a correlation. It cannot be ...