Voltage regulator IC’s, with 3 pins, from LM7805 and LM7812 series are excellent for usage in voltage regulator circuits. If you need higher currents, up to 3 A, you must add a complementary ...

Until recently, a very common problem faced by electronic circuit designers was the difference in supply voltage standards between microcontrollers (e.g. 3.3 V) and peripheral ICs (e.g. 5 V). In order ...

We submerge somewhat deeper into analysis of the seemingly simple TL431 voltage reference with transconductance amplifier to find that some useful design parameters are missing from the manufacturer ...

It’s not that breadboarding AVR circuits is difficult. But you have to admit that it takes some time to set everything up. We don’t label the top of our DIP chips so that you know what each pin does ...